Glosary 11 - 20

11. Aldosterone (Aldosterona): is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the release (secretion) of potassium in the kidneys. This increases blood volume and therefore, increases blood pressure. Many drugs, such as spironolactone, lower blood pressure by blocking the aldosterone receptor. Aldosterone is part of the renin-angiotensin system.

12. Bacillus (Bacilo): is a genus of rod-shaped bacteria. Bacillus species are either obligate or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase.

13. Back (Espalda): is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body.

14. Bactericidal (Bactericida): preventing infection by inhibiting the growth or action of microorganisms [bacteria]

15. Balm (Bálsamo): a natural medicine system. Normally prescribed by a balmist, the system involves the treatment of various aliments with several herbs or bushes.

16. Bandage (Vendaje): A strip of gauze or similar material used to protect or support a wound or injury.

17. Barbiturate (Barbitúrico): is a drug which people take to make them calm or to help them to sleep.

18. Basophil (Basófilo): is the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.01% to 0.3% of circulating leukocytes (white blood cells).

19. Bening (Benigno): means it has no malignancy.

20. Bicuspid (Bicúspide): or premolar teeth are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant, making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication.